| 新聞中心 |  您所在的位置：>>首頁> 新聞中心 |
在聯(lian)合(he)國危(wei)險(xian)貨(huo)物專家委員(yuan)會(hui)向各國政(zheng)府和(he)各國際(ji)專業(ye)機構所建(jian)議的(de)(de)《危(wei)險(xian)貨(huo)物運(yun)輸規則》（即(ji)：聯(lian)合(he)國橙皮書(shu)）一(yi)書(shu)中，其(qi)第9章專門(men)論述了有(you)關危(wei)險(xian)貨(huo)物包(bao)裝的(de)(de)基本要求。 但是(shi)對于(yu)重(zhong)(zhong)新(xin)制造（即(ji)：再生(sheng)）的(de)(de)鋼桶，無論其(qi)定義、適用(yong)范圍以及標記等(deng)在現(xian)有(you)文本中未能明確，因此，有(you)必要對第9章中的(de)(de)部分條(tiao)款進行修改。“國際(ji)金屬桶修復協會(hui)”(ICDR)提出了修改這些(xie)內容的(de)(de)具體方案。本文將著重(zhong)(zhong)介紹ICDR的(de)(de)建(jian)議，并希(xi)望在國內引起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)視。
長期以來(lai)，盛裝(zhuang)過危(wei)(wei)險貨物(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)桶(tong)的(de)(de)再(zai)生(sheng)工作(zuo)一直在進(jin)行(xing)著。金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)桶(tong)的(de)(de)再(zai)生(sheng)包(bao)括：外觀(guan)整形多閉口桶(tong)改為開(kai)口桶(tong)多替換某種零件等等。這些修復(fu)的(de)(de)桶(tong)，可再(zai)次用于(yu)包(bao)裝(zhuang)危(wei)(wei)險貨物(wu)(wu)(wu)或普通貨物(wu)(wu)(wu)以及(ji)從(cong)I類包(bao)裝(zhuang)降(jiang)為Ⅱ或Ⅲ類包(bao)裝(zhuang)使(shi)用。這項工作(zuo)解(jie)決了(le)三個問(wen)題(ti)：，一是桶(tong)修復(fu)后再(zai)次使(shi)用，節約了(le)包(bao)裝(zhuang)材料和(he)能源，二是有(you)(you)利于(yu)危(wei)(wei)險貨物(wu)(wu)(wu)殘留物(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)管理和(he)妥善處置多三是避(bi)免了(le)危(wei)(wei)險貨物(wu)(wu)(wu)空(kong)包(bao)裝(zhuang)的(de)(de)丟(diu)棄問(wen)題(ti)，也(ye)解(jie)決了(le)環境污染的(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)。ICDR的(de)(de)觀(guan)點認為， 金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)桶(tong)的(de)(de)修復(fu)工作(zuo)對環境、安(an)全、節約能源都有(you)(you)益處，但同時認為對于(yu)修復(fu)后桶(tong)的(de)(de)繼續使(shi)用尚(shang)有(you)(you)一些實際問(wen)題(ti)需要解(jie)決，如：
1．再(zai)生(sheng)鋼(gang)桶(tong)的定義和現狀。
2．桶(tong)厚度(du)的標記。
3．標(biao)記在桶(tong)上的位置。
4．符合(he)聯(lian)合(he)國橙皮書要求的包裝標記(ji)，在(zai)使用過(guo)的桶上的有(you)效性。
5．符合聯合國橙皮書(shu)要求(qiu)的(de)包(bao)裝(zhuang)標記在桶(tong)上(shang)的(de)永久性(xing)。
要解決(jue)這些問(wen)題，應在符合聯合園橙皮書要求重新設計的(de)(de)金屬桶基(ji)礎(chu)上(shang)，予以考慮。ICDR提(ti)出了有關(guan)上(shang)述五方(fang)面的(de)(de)具(ju)體觀點。
一、再生(sheng)鋼(gang)桶的定義和現狀(zhuang)
在世界各地的(de)(de)(de)(de)金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)桶(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)業中，普遍存在將(jiang)閉口金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)桶(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)改(gai)(gai)為開(kai)口金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)桶(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)或(huo)(huo)用相(xiang)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)某些零件替換桶(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)應(ying)零件，再(zai)(zai)則，將(jiang)閉口金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)桶(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)改(gai)(gai)為開(kai)口金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)桶(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)后，添置塑料內(nei)襯(chen)及(ji)相(xiang)應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)桶(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)蓋和封(feng)閉器(qi)，使(shi)之成為一(yi)個(ge)(ge)復合(he)包(bao)裝。鑒于這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)情(qing)況，聯(lian)合(he)國橙皮(pi)書第9章(zhang)中應(ying)闡明(ming)(ming)這(zhe)一(yi)點，但(dan)要(yao)考慮到這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)后的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)新設計的(de)(de)(de)(de)鋼桶(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，必(bi)須通過(guo)適(shi)合(he)于這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)新型(xing)(xing)桶(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)所有相(xiang)應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)驗(yan)（即：跌落試(shi)驗(yan)、堆碼試(shi)驗(yan)、液壓試(shi)驗(yan)等(deng)）。實際上，再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)桶(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)（或(huo)(huo)修復桶(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)）包(bao)括了(le)從(cong)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)不符合(he)聯(lian)合(he)國橙皮(pi)書的(de)(de)(de)(de)桶(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)變(bian)(bian)成一(yi)個(ge)(ge)符合(he)聯(lian)合(he)國橙皮(pi)書要(yao)求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)桶(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，或(huo)(huo)將(jiang)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類型(xing)(xing)改(gai)(gai)變(bian)(bian)為另一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類型(xing)(xing)，或(huo)(huo)在不改(gai)(gai)變(bian)(bian)原類型(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎上改(gai)(gai)變(bian)(bian)了(le)包(bao)裝類別（即：從(cong)I類改(gai)(gai)為Ⅱ或(huo)(huo)Ⅲ類多(duo)從(cong)Ⅱ類改(gai)(gai)為Ⅲ類）。在這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)情(qing)況下(xia)，需(xu)要(yao)對再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)桶(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)明(ming)(ming)確定義。ICDR建(jian)議在聯(lian)合(he)國橙皮(pi)書第9章(zhang)9.2.1節(jie)中，對“重(zhong)新制(zhi)造(zao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)包(bao)裝”增加如(ru)下(xia)定義：重(zhong)新制(zhi)造(zao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)桶(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)包(bao)括以下(xia)幾點：
1．從一個不符合聯(lian)合國橙(cheng)皮書要求類型的桶改變一個符合聯(lian)合國橙(cheng)皮書要求類型的桶。
2．從一種符合聯合國(guo)橙皮(pi)書(shu)要(yao)求類型的桶，．改變(bian)成另—‘種符合聯合國(guo)橙皮(pi)書(shu)要(yao)求類型的桶。
3．經過了整個結(jie)構零件的替換（如(ru)：閉口桶蓋）。